Commemorating Mahavir Jayanti: The Enduring Legacy of Jainism's 24th Tirthankara: KBS Sidhu

Mahavir Jayanti invites all to remember a life lived in supreme simplicity, relentless truth-seeking, and unwavering compassion

KBS Sidhu

Commemorating Mahavir Jayanti

Mahavir Jayanti, celebrated today with fervour and devotion across India and beyond, marks the birth of Lord Mahavira—one of the greatest spiritual reformers of ancient India and the final Tirthankara of Jainism. His timeless message of ahimsa (non-violence), satya (truth), and aparigraha (non-possession) continues to inspire millions. Observed on the 13th day of the waxing moon in the month of Chaitra, this day is not just a celebration of birth but a reflection on a philosophy that transcends time.

The Prince Who Chose Renunciation

Born as Vardhamana in 599 BCE to King Siddhartha and Queen Trishala of the Ikshvaku dynasty in Vaishali, Mahavira was destined for greatness. Despite being raised in royal opulence, he was deeply drawn to spiritual inquiry. At 30, he renounced his palace, family, and all material comforts to embark on a path of deep meditation and rigorous asceticism.

After 12 years of intense penance and contemplation, he attained Kevalajñāna, or absolute knowledge. This transformation earned him the title Mahavira, meaning "Great Hero." For the next three decades, he spread the teachings of liberation through self-realization, discipline, and ethical living.

Tirthankaras: Guiding Lights of Liberation

In Jain philosophy, a Tirthankara is a spiritual guide who establishes a ford across the ocean of worldly existence, enabling others to achieve liberation. Mahavira was the 24th and final Tirthankara of the current time cycle. Each of these enlightened beings reinforces the eternal truths of Jain dharma in different epochs.

The concept emphasizes the cyclical nature of time, where Tirthankaras emerge to rejuvenate moral and spiritual order. Mahavira’s reformulation of prior teachings and his establishment of a fourfold Jain community—monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen—helped systematize the religion for generations to come.

Two Traditions, One Path

Jainism comprises two principal sects—Digambara (sky-clad) and Svetambara (white-clad). While both revere Mahavira and share core beliefs, they differ in monastic practices, scriptural interpretations, and philosophical nuances.

Digambara monks practice complete nudity as a symbol of absolute renunciation, whereas Svetambara monks wear white garments. Differences also extend to beliefs about women's capacity for liberation and certain historical accounts of Mahavira's life. Nonetheless, both traditions uphold the pursuit of moksha (liberation) through strict adherence to ethical conduct and inner purification.

Rituals and Sacred Architecture

Jain temples, with their exquisite architecture and serene sanctums, are central to the celebration of Mahavir Jayanti. Rituals such as abhishek (ceremonial bathing of Mahavira’s idol), puja, processions, and communal prayers are conducted with solemnity and grandeur. Some regions hold rath yatras where statues of Mahavira are paraded through streets with devotional music and dance.

Many temples house intricately carved marble idols of Mahavira and other Tirthankaras, symbolizing the purity and permanence of the soul's journey toward enlightenment.

Sallekhana: The Spiritual Exit

One of Jainism’s most profound and least understood practices is Sallekhana—the ritual of voluntary, peaceful fasting unto death. Undertaken in advanced age or terminal illness, it embodies the Jain ideal of detachment and conscious exit from the material world. It is not seen as suicide, but as a final act of spiritual discipline and acceptance.

While modern legal debates have occasionally questioned this tradition, many Jains see Sallekhana as the ultimate affirmation of faith, demonstrating mastery over desire and fear.

Jainism in a Pluralistic Society

Despite being a numerical minority, Jains have significantly influenced Indian thought, economy, and ethics. Their values of non-violence, truthfulness, and ecological sensitivity resonate deeply in today’s age of unrest and environmental degradation.

From ancient scholars and poets to modern industrialists and philanthropists, Jains have left a lasting legacy in education, commerce, and spirituality. Their strict vegetarianism and emphasis on non-harming have also inspired global discussions on sustainable living.

A Point of Contrast: Jainism and Sikhism

While both Jainism and Sikhism emerged in response to ritualism and social inequity in India, they differ notably in outlook. Jainism upholds asceticism and celibacy as essential for spiritual progress. In contrast, Sikhism encourages spiritual growth through engagement with the world while living a householder's life.

Guru Nanak and subsequent Sikh Gurus rejected extreme austerity, advocating for inner purity, social responsibility, and devotion1. Both traditions, however, uphold compassion, truth, and the importance of moral living.

The Message for Our Times

Mahavir’s timeless message bears renewed relevance in a world fraught with violence, materialism, and environmental crises. His emphasis on Ahimsa, Satya, and Brahmacharya offers a roadmap to inner peace and societal harmony. His teachings urge individuals to transcend ego, embrace self-discipline, and live in harmony with all life forms.

Today, as temples resound with chants and devotees reflect upon his life, Mahavir Jayanti is not just a religious holiday but a call to rediscover values that nurture compassion, humility, and universal brotherhood.

Conclusion: A Celebration of Ethical Enlightenment

Mahavir Jayanti invites all to remember a life lived in supreme simplicity, relentless truth-seeking, and unwavering compassion. It reminds us that true liberation comes not through conquest of the world but through mastery over the self.

As Jains and well-wishers across the globe light lamps, perform rituals, and engage in acts of kindness today, they pay homage not just to a historical figure, but to an eternal truth—a truth that continues to guide the soul's journey from bondage to liberation.